Nature and properties of lateritic soils derived from. Characteristics of red soils the texture of these soils can vary from sand to clay, the majority being loams. This book presents the latest information on the laterite soils geotechnical characteristics and engineering behavior. The science which deals with the study of soil is called pedology or edaphology. Red soil is formed due to weathering of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Use of laterite as a sustainable building material in developing countries article pdf available in international journal of earth sciences and engineering 074. Xray diffraction analyses showed that the soil comprised kaolinite, quartz, gibbsite and haematite. Review of literature most of the research work involving hawai ian soils has had for its objective the solution of agronomic problems. Laterite soils differ widely from the soils of the temperate regions with re spect to their physical and chemical properties. Five lateritic soils derived from various parent materials in taiwan, including andesite, diluvium, shale stone, basalt, and pleistocene deposit, were. The chemistry of weathering silicarich rocks sees the relatively mobile elements such as calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium being washed away, while the immobile metals including aluminium, iron, titanium, and zirconium remain.
Find laterite stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. The carbon content is generally used as a measure of the organic content of the soil. The word soil is derived from latin word solum which means earthy materials in which plants grows. Lateritic soil definition of lateritic soil by the free. Laterite is a consolidated product of humid tropical weathering of mafic to ultramafic rocks, predominantly composed of goethite, hematite, kaolinite, quartzbauxite and other clay minerals. Soil is one of the significant natural resources, like air and water. Factors influencing the development of lateritic and laterite.
Gidigasu, building and road research institute, kumasi, ghana some laterite materials are known to be either inferior pavement aggre gates or troublesome highway and earth dam construction materials. Five lateritic soils derived from various parent materials in taiwan, including andesite, diluvium, shale stone, basalt, and pleistocene deposit, were collected from the. The understanding of soil behavior in solving engineering and environmental issues as swelling soil especially expansive lateritic soils that can cause significant damage to road construction and other engineering application is the sole aim of geotechnical engineering abubakar, 2006. Laterite is formed when heavy tropical rainfall results in intense weathering of rock and soil. Challenges in dam design on lateritic soils ancold. The dam is founded on lateritic soil, which is a common weathering profile throughout the region. One of the major causes of road accident is bad road which is usually. The process laterization in soil occurs in the region where the atmospheric temperature is very with very high annual rain fall. Moreover, most of the laterite are found in b horizon of soil profile, in. Mineralogically, the soil contains virtually nothing undesirable while its basic geotechnical properties are those. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors. These soils formed in a tropical environment of fluctuating water tables, severe leaching and translocation of iron oxides over many millions of years. The objective of this study was to investigate the physical, chemical, and mineralogical composition of lateritic soils in order to use these soils as potential commercial products for industrial application in the future. Chattopadhyay, vermicompost converts fly ash to enrich soil fertility and sustain crop growth in red and lateritic soils, resources, conservation and recycling, vol.
The process of soil development is often refered to as soil weathering. The macroscopic expression of the linkage is the soil structure. Moreover, most of the laterite are found in b horizon of soil profile, in all the four sites. Engineering behavior and classification of lateritic soils. It was excavated from the soil and cut in form of large blocks. The existence of one member of the laterite catena, i. How ever, not all laterite soils belong to this group. Jan 29, 2014 laterite is formed when heavy tropical rainfall results in intense weathering of rock and soil.
The general properties of laterite soil can be classified into the a75 group according to astm d427. Great soil units can be defined using morphological features which result from the way the soil components are linked in the soil after the pedoplasmation of the materials resulting from the weathering pedro, 1989. The department not only provides scientific database on the soil and land resources of the state for developing suitable soil and land management practices but also implements a variety of projects aimed at. Geotechnical investigation is one of the effective means of detecting and solving pre, syn and post constructional problems. It is the topmost layer of the earths crust and is a mixture of finely powdered rocks, organic matter, liquids, myriad. The arrangement of these horizons in a soil is known as a soil profile. It is red in colour due to the presence of iron in it. The soil obtain was in wet condition, so it would be airdry because laterite soil will significantly changes its plasticity and compaction properties by oven drying goswami and mahanta, 2007. Laterite is a type of soil produced by intense, prolonged weathering, usually in tropical climates. This is followed by a description of the role that lateritic. The process laterization in soil occurs in the region where the atmospheric temperature is. Different types of laterite occur extensively in the central interior zone of the country. These values have been listed separately for soils orginating from the same kind of parent rock material. It is highly porous and less fertile but where it is deep it is fertile.
Master soil horizons are depicted by a capital letter in the order from top down. It is the object of this paper to consider the effects of climate and ageon the development of lateritic and laterite soils in the hawaiian islands. At least a few researchers specializing in regolith. Lateritic bauxite deposits our largest source of aluminum. Improvement in soil fertility is necessary to increase nutrient uptake per unit soil volume. Jan 23, 2016 red soils red soils along with its minor groups form the largest soil group of india. These soils are derived from the subaerial weathering of several types of rocks, both basic and acid under climatic conditions of alternate wet and dry seasons. If you look in a soil pit or on a roadside cut, you will see various layers in the soil.
Engineering behavior and classification of lateritic soils in. Laterite definition of laterite by the free dictionary. To the soil engineer, the word soil means a material which is used. Some laterite materials are known to be either inferior pavement aggregates or troublesome highway and earth dam construction materials. Laterite soil is reddish to yellow in color with a lower content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, lime, and magnesia with 90100% of iron, aluminum, titanium, and manganese oxides. Table 2 shows chemical characteristics of laterite soil.
Laterite has commonly been referred to as a soil type as well as being a rock type. Horizons based on color, texture, roots, structure, rock fragments, and any unique characteristic worth noting. The main parent rocks are crystalline and metamorphic rocks like acid granites, gneisses and quartzites. It is the result of the chemical weathering of the soils over millions of years. Red soils red soils along with its minor groups form the largest soil group of india. Some properties of a sedimentary laterite soil as engineering. They are light in texture and have an open freedraining structure.
Laterite, soil layer that is rich in iron oxide and derived from a wide variety of rocks weathering under strongly oxidizing and leaching conditions. Soil profile descriptions soils develop in parent material from the time of its deposition under the influence of local climate, topography, and biota. Lateritic soils article about lateritic soils by the free. A sedimentary laterite soil is examined for its suitability as a construction material by the consideration of its mineralogy and basic geotechnical properties as well as its consolidation and permeability in the compacted state. Although they are of poor fertility but respond favourably to manuring. Short notes on soil profile, texture, formation and. The study expressed an increase in bulk densities thus on the process where. Lateritic soil synonyms, lateritic soil pronunciation, lateritic soil translation, english dictionary definition of lateritic soil. Strength and permeability characteristics of selected. The latter varied over a wide range of the stabilizers used, portland cement gave best results m some cases and anilinefurfural 2. It also showed that laterite soil can enhance some properties of concrete depending on the nature of the laterite and also blended material.
Assessment of the geotechnical properties of lateritic soils. Evaluation of bulk density in organic and lateritic soil formation influenced by variation of saturation and porosity in deltaic environment has been assessed. Since most lateritic soils are well weathered with low cec and high p fixing capacity, it is necessary to maintain high and balanced rates of manuring as well as frequent applications to the palms. Soil type laterite soil lateritic soil nonlateritic soil si02al203 1. However, not all laterite soils belong to this group. Laterite soil laterite soil obtained from merauke district, west papua region. However, laterite soil produced concrete that compares in strength with a normal concrete. This and further variation in the modes of conceptualizing about laterite e.
One of the major causes of road accident is bad road. Products and processes of intensive rock weathering. After a brief introductory discussion on the suitability of various classification systems of lateritic soils for engineering purposes, some geotechnical properties of nigerian laterites are summarized. Laterite soil engineering is one of a few books about solving engineering problems with the help of engineering pedology. Laterite is a highly weathered material, rich in secondary oxides of iron, aluminum, or both. Organic matter in the soil profile is composed of a variety of material which ranges from decomposing plant and animal matter to humus.
Abundant oxygen, water, and warmth leach most watersoluble minerals from particles of parent rock and leave a nonsoluble residue enriched in hydroxides of aluminum, iron, magnesium, nickel, and titanium. Review of specifications for the use of laterite in road. Pdf use of laterite as a sustainable building material in. Mineralogically, the soil contains virtually nothing undesirable while its basic. The study was to determine the effect of bulk density at every condition of soil use in the study location. Distinguish between red soil and laterite soil any five points. Laterite is well known in asian countries as a building material for more than years. Over time, a number of environmental forces act to create distinct layers or horizons parallel to the soil surface. The classification properties and composition of a lateritic soil, developed on tertiary basalt in coastal southeast queensland, australia, have been investigated. An overview of the environmental applicability of vermicompost. Current specifications are not traffic or materialtype related, i. The word laterite has been derived from the latin word that means brick. Performance of laterite soil stabilized with lime and cement.
It also showed that laterite soil can enhance some properties of concrete depending on the. The presence of organic matter seems to play a detrimental role m many cases. This is followed by a description of the role that lateritic soils play in. The department not only provides scientific database on the soil and land resources of the state for developing suitable soil and land management practices but also implements a variety of projects aimed at conserving and managing. The project was carried out under the aegis of the africa community access programme afcap a dfidfunded research programme that promotes safe and sustainable access for rural. Lateritic soils in environmental management in nigeria. Soil horizons are the layers in a soil profile used to classify soil types. A red residual soil formed by the leaching of silica and by the enrichment with aluminum and iron oxides, especially in humid climates. Engineering properties of a lateritic soil profile. Find laterite soil stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection.